NXIVM was a self-help and multi-level marketing organisation led by Keith Raniere that operated from the late 1990s until 2018. Its criminal core is fully adjudicated: Raniere was convicted in June 2019 on federal charges including sex trafficking, forced labour, racketeering, and possession of child sexual abuse material, and sentenced to 120 years. Actress Allison Mack and heiress Clare Bronfman were among those who pleaded guilty to related charges. The conspiracy dimension concerns how NXIVM operated for more than two decades despite early reporting, the role of NXIVM-connected political donations in deflecting scrutiny, and the 2017 New York Times investigation that triggered federal prosecution.